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The Club of Rome is a global think tank that deals with a variety of international political issues. Founded in 1968 at Accademia dei Lincei in Rome, Italy, the Club of Rome describes itself as "a group of world citizens, sharing a common concern for the future of humanity." It consists of current and former heads of state, UN bureaucrats, high-level politicians and government officials, diplomats, scientists, economists and business leaders from around the globe. It raised considerable public attention in 1972 with its report ''The Limits to Growth''. The club states that its mission is "to act as a global catalyst for change through the identification and analysis of the crucial problems facing humanity and the communication of such problems to the most important public and private decision makers as well as to the general public."〔(Club of Rome - Organization )〕 Since 1 July 2008, the organization has its headquarters in Winterthur, Switzerland. == Formation == The Club of Rome was founded in April 1968〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.clubofrome.org/?p=324 )〕 by Aurelio Peccei, an Italian industrialist,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.clubofrome.org/?p=1331 )〕 and Alexander King, a Scottish scientist. It was formed when a small international group of people from the fields of academia, civil society, diplomacy, and industry, met at a villa in Rome, hence the name. Hasan Özbekhan, Erich Jantsch and Alexander Christakis were responsible for conceptualizing the original prospectus of the Club of Rome titled "The Predicament of Mankind".〔http://sunsite.utk.edu/FINS/loversofdemocracy/Predicament.PTI.pdf〕 The Club of Rome raised considerable public attention with its report ''Limits to Growth'', which has sold 30 million copies in more than 30 translations,〔Matthew R. Simmons: ''Revisiting the Limits to Growth: Could the Club of Rome Have Been Correct, After All?'' Oktober 2000, S. 1 ((PDF; 522 kB) )〕 making it the best-selling environmental book in world history.〔(30-Year Update of Limits to Growth finds global society in "Overshoot," Foresees social, economic, and environmental decline (The Club of Rome) )〕 Published in 1972 and presented for the first time at the International Students' Committee (ISC) annual Management Symposium in St. Gallen, Switzerland, it predicted that economic growth could not continue indefinitely because of the limited availability of natural resources, particularly oil. The 1973 oil crisis increased public concern about this problem. However, even before ''Limits to Growth'' was published, Eduard Pestel and Mihajlo Mesarovic of Case Western Reserve University had begun work on a far more elaborate model (it distinguished ten world regions and involved 200,000 equations compared with 1000 in the Meadows model). The research had the full support of the Club and the final publication, ''Mankind at the Turning Point'' was accepted as the official Second Report to the Club of Rome in 1974. In addition to providing a more refined regional breakdown, Pestel and Mesarovic had succeeded in integrating social as well as technical data. The Second Report revised the predictions of the original Limits to Growth and gave a more optimistic prognosis for the future of the environment, noting that many of the factors were within human control and therefore that environmental and economic catastrophe were preventable or avoidable, hence the title. In 1991, the Club published The First Global Revolution. It analyses the problems of humanity, calling these collectively or in essence the 'problematique'. It notes (laments) that, historically, social or political unity has commonly been motivated by enemies in common: "The need for enemies seems to be a common historical factor. Some states have striven to overcome domestic failure and internal contradictions by blaming external enemies. The ploy of finding a scapegoat is as old as mankind itself - when things become too difficult at home, divert attention to adventure abroad. Bring the divided nation together to face an outside enemy, either a real one, or else one invented for the purpose. With the disappearance of the traditional enemy, the temptation is to use religious or ethnic minorities as scapegoats, especially those whose differences from the majority are disturbing."〔Alexander King & Bertrand Schneider. ''The First Global Revolution'' (The Club of Rome), 1993. p. 70〕 "Every state has been so used to classifying its neighbours as friend or foe, that the sudden absence of traditional adversaries has left governments and public opinion with a great void to fill. New enemies have to be identified, new strategies imagined, and new weapons devised."〔 "In searching for a common enemy against whom we can unite, we came up with the idea that pollution, the threat of global warming, water shortages, famine and the like, would fit the bill. In their totality and their interactions these phenomena do constitute a common threat which must be confronted by everyone together. But in designating these dangers as the enemy, we fall into the trap, which we have already warned readers about, namely mistaking symptoms for causes. All these dangers are caused by human intervention in natural processes, and it is only through changed attitudes and behaviour that they can be overcome. The real enemy then is humanity itself."〔King & Schneider, p. 115〕 In 2001 the Club of Rome established a think tank, called ''tt30'', comprising around 30 men and women ages 25–35. It aimed to identify and solve problems in the world, from a younger perspective.〔http://tt30.typepad.com/〕 A study by Graham Turner of the research organisation CSIRO in Australia in 2008 found that "30 years of historical data compare favorably with key features of a business-as-usual scenario called the ‘‘standard run’’ scenario, which results in collapse of the global system midway through the 21st century." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Club of Rome」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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